有许多街道地址解析器。它们有两种基本类型——一种有地名和街道名的数据库，另一种没有。

正则表达式街道地址解析器的成功率最高可达95% ，而且不会遇到太多麻烦。然后你开始调查那些不寻常的案子。CPAN 中的 Perl“ Geo: : StreetAddress: : US”也差不多是这个意思。有 Python 和 Javascript 的端口，都是开源的。我有一个改进的 Python 版本，它通过处理更多的案例来提高成功率。但是，为了使最后的3% 正确，需要使用数据库来帮助消除歧义。

一个包含3位邮政编码和美国各州名称和缩写的数据库是一个很大的帮助。当解析器看到一致的邮政编码和状态名称时，它可以开始锁定该格式。这对美国和英国非常有效。

正确的街道地址解析从结尾开始并向后运行。美国邮政系统就是这么做的。最后的地址是最不模糊的，其中国家名称，城市名称和邮政编码相对容易识别。街道名称通常可以单独使用。解析街道上的位置是最复杂的; 在那里你会遇到诸如“五楼”和“斯台普斯亭”之类的东西。这时数据库就能帮上大忙了。

更新: Geocode.xyz 现在可以在全球范围内使用

对于美国，墨西哥和加拿大，见 Geocoder CA。

例如:

输入: 主街和亚瑟街交叉口附近发生了一些事情，纽约街被杀了

产出:

<geodata>
<latt>40.5123510000</latt>
<longt>-74.2500500000</longt>
<AreaCode>347,718</AreaCode>
<TimeZone>America/New_York</TimeZone>
<standard>
<street1>main</street1>
<street2>arthur kill</street2>
<stnumber/>
<staddress/>
<city>STATEN ISLAND</city>
<prov>NY</prov>
<postal>11385</postal>
<confidence>0.9</confidence>
</standard>
</geodata>

您还可以检查 Web 界面中的结果，或者以 Json 或 Jsonp.eg.我在找纽约大街123号附近的餐馆的形式获得输出

没有密码? 真丢脸！

下面是一个简单的 JavaScript 地址解析器。Matt 在他上面的论文中给出的每一个理由都非常糟糕(我几乎100% 同意: 地址是复杂的类型，人类会犯错误; 最好是外包和自动化——当你有能力的时候)。

但我没有哭，而是决定尝试:

这段代码可用于解析 findAddressCandidate的大多数 Esri 结果，也可用于其他一些(反向)地理编码器，这些地理编码器返回单行地址，其中 street/city/state 用逗号分隔。如果需要，您可以进行扩展，或者编写特定于国家的解析器。或者仅仅用这个例子来说明这个练习有多么具有挑战性，或者我在 JavaScript 方面有多么糟糕。我承认我只花了大约30分钟在这上面(未来的迭代可能会添加缓存、压缩验证、状态查找以及用户位置上下文) ，但是它对我的用例起作用了: 最终用户看到将地理代码搜索响应解析为4个文本框的表单。如果地址解析出现错误(除非源数据很糟糕，否则这种情况很少发生) ，这没什么大不了的——用户可以验证并修复它！(但是对于自动化解决方案，可以丢弃/忽略或标记为错误，以便开发人员可以支持新的格式或修复源数据。)

/*
address assumptions:
- US addresses only (probably want separate parser for different countries)
- No country code expected.
- if last token is a number it is probably a postal code
-- 5 digit number means more likely
- if last token is a hyphenated string it might be a postal code
-- if both sides are numeric, and in form #####-#### it is more likely
- if city is supplied, state will also be supplied (city names not unique)
- zip/postal code may be omitted even if has city & state
- state may be two-char code or may be full state name.
- commas:
-- last comma is usually city/state separator
-- second-to-last comma is possibly street/city separator
-- other commas are building-specific stuff that I don't care about right now.
- token count:
-- because units, street names, and city names may contain spaces token count highly variable.
-- simplest address has at least two tokens: 714 OAK
-- common simple address has at least four tokens: 714 S OAK ST
-- common full (mailing) address has at least 5-7:
--- 714 OAK, RUMTOWN, VA 59201
--- 714 S OAK ST, RUMTOWN, VA 59201
-- complex address may have a dozen or more:
--- MAGICICIAN SUPPLY, LLC, UNIT 213A, MAGIC TOWN MALL, 13 MAGIC CIRCLE DRIVE, LAND OF MAGIC, MA 73122-3412
*/


var rawtext = $("textarea").val();
var rawlist = rawtext.split("\n");


function ParseAddressEsri(singleLineaddressString) {
var address = {
street: "",
city: "",
state: "",
postalCode: ""
};


// tokenize by space (retain commas in tokens)
var tokens = singleLineaddressString.split(/[\s]+/);
var tokenCount = tokens.length;
var lastToken = tokens.pop();
if (
// if numeric assume postal code (ignore length, for now)
!isNaN(lastToken) ||
// if hyphenated assume long zip code, ignore whether numeric, for now
lastToken.split("-").length - 1 === 1) {
address.postalCode = lastToken;
lastToken = tokens.pop();
}


if (lastToken && isNaN(lastToken)) {
if (address.postalCode.length && lastToken.length === 2) {
// assume state/province code ONLY if had postal code
// otherwise it could be a simple address like "714 S OAK ST"
// where "ST" for "street" looks like two-letter state code
// possibly this could be resolved with registry of known state codes, but meh. (and may collide anyway)
address.state = lastToken;
lastToken = tokens.pop();
}
if (address.state.length === 0) {
// check for special case: might have State name instead of State Code.
var stateNameParts = [lastToken.endsWith(",") ? lastToken.substring(0, lastToken.length - 1) : lastToken];


// check remaining tokens from right-to-left for the first comma
while (2 + 2 != 5) {
lastToken = tokens.pop();
if (!lastToken) break;
else if (lastToken.endsWith(",")) {
// found separator, ignore stuff on left side
tokens.push(lastToken); // put it back
break;
} else {
stateNameParts.unshift(lastToken);
}
}
address.state = stateNameParts.join(' ');
lastToken = tokens.pop();
}
}


if (lastToken) {
// here is where it gets trickier:
if (address.state.length) {
// if there is a state, then assume there is also a city and street.
// PROBLEM: city may be multiple words (spaces)
// but we can pretty safely assume next-from-last token is at least PART of the city name
// most cities are single-name. It would be very helpful if we knew more context, like
// the name of the city user is in. But ignore that for now.
// ideally would have zip code service or lookup to give city name for the zip code.
var cityNameParts = [lastToken.endsWith(",") ? lastToken.substring(0, lastToken.length - 1) : lastToken];


// assumption / RULE: street and city must have comma delimiter
// addresses that do not follow this rule will be wrong only if city has space
// but don't care because Esri formats put comma before City
var streetNameParts = [];


// check remaining tokens from right-to-left for the first comma
while (2 + 2 != 5) {
lastToken = tokens.pop();
if (!lastToken) break;
else if (lastToken.endsWith(",")) {
// found end of street address (may include building, etc. - don't care right now)
// add token back to end, but remove trailing comma (it did its job)
tokens.push(lastToken.endsWith(",") ? lastToken.substring(0, lastToken.length - 1) : lastToken);
streetNameParts = tokens;
break;
} else {
cityNameParts.unshift(lastToken);
}
}
address.city = cityNameParts.join(' ');
address.street = streetNameParts.join(' ');
} else {
// if there is NO state, then assume there is NO city also, just street! (easy)
// reasoning: city names are not very original (Portland, OR and Portland, ME) so if user wants city they need to store state also (but if you are only ever in Portlan, OR, you don't care about city/state)
// put last token back in list, then rejoin on space
tokens.push(lastToken);
address.street = tokens.join(' ');
}
}
// when parsing right-to-left hard to know if street only vs street + city/state
// hack fix for now is to shift stuff around.
// assumption/requirement: will always have at least street part; you will never just get "city, state"
// could possibly tweak this with options or more intelligent parsing&sniffing
if (!address.city && address.state) {
address.city = address.state;
address.state = '';
}
if (!address.street) {
address.street = address.city;
address.city = '';
}


return address;
}


// get list of objects with discrete address properties
var addresses = rawlist
.filter(function(o) {
return o.length > 0
})
.map(ParseAddressEsri);
$("#output").text(JSON.stringify(addresses));
console.log(addresses);

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<textarea>
27488 Stanford Ave, Bowden, North Dakota
380 New York St, Redlands, CA 92373
13212 E SPRAGUE AVE, FAIR VALLEY, MD 99201
1005 N Gravenstein Highway, Sebastopol CA 95472
A. P. Croll &amp; Son 2299 Lewes-Georgetown Hwy, Georgetown, DE 19947
11522 Shawnee Road, Greenwood, DE 19950
144 Kings Highway, S.W. Dover, DE 19901
Intergrated Const. Services 2 Penns Way Suite 405, New Castle, DE 19720
Humes Realty 33 Bridle Ridge Court, Lewes, DE 19958
Nichols Excavation 2742 Pulaski Hwy, Newark, DE 19711
2284 Bryn Zion Road, Smyrna, DE 19904
VEI Dover Crossroads, LLC 1500 Serpentine Road, Suite 100 Baltimore MD 21
580 North Dupont Highway, Dover, DE 19901
P.O. Box 778, Dover, DE 19903
714 S OAK ST
714 S OAK ST, RUM TOWN, VA, 99201
3142 E SPRAGUE AVE, WHISKEY VALLEY, WA 99281
27488 Stanford Ave, Bowden, North Dakota
380 New York St, Redlands, CA 92373
</textarea>
<div id="output">
</div>

对于美国地址解析，我更喜欢使用 usaddress软件包，即 可在 pip。

python3 -m pip install usaddress

用法示例:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


# address_parser.py
import sys
from usaddress import tag
from json import dumps, loads


if __name__ == '__main__':
tag_mapping = {
'Recipient': 'recipient',
'AddressNumber': 'addressStreet',
'AddressNumberPrefix': 'addressStreet',
'AddressNumberSuffix': 'addressStreet',
'StreetName': 'addressStreet',
'StreetNamePreDirectional': 'addressStreet',
'StreetNamePreModifier': 'addressStreet',
'StreetNamePreType': 'addressStreet',
'StreetNamePostDirectional': 'addressStreet',
'StreetNamePostModifier': 'addressStreet',
'StreetNamePostType': 'addressStreet',
'CornerOf': 'addressStreet',
'IntersectionSeparator': 'addressStreet',
'LandmarkName': 'addressStreet',
'USPSBoxGroupID': 'addressStreet',
'USPSBoxGroupType': 'addressStreet',
'USPSBoxID': 'addressStreet',
'USPSBoxType': 'addressStreet',
'BuildingName': 'addressStreet',
'OccupancyType': 'addressStreet',
'OccupancyIdentifier': 'addressStreet',
'SubaddressIdentifier': 'addressStreet',
'SubaddressType': 'addressStreet',
'PlaceName': 'addressCity',
'StateName': 'addressState',
'ZipCode': 'addressPostalCode',
}
try:
address, _ = tag(' '.join(sys.argv[1:]), tag_mapping=tag_mapping)
except:
with open('failed_address.txt', 'a') as fp:
fp.write(sys.argv[1] + '\n')
print(dumps({}))
else:
print(dumps(dict(address)))

运行 address_parser.py:

python3 address_parser.py 9757 East Arcadia Ave. Saugus MA 01906
{"addressStreet": "9757 East Arcadia Ave.", "addressCity": "Saugus", "addressState": "MA", "addressPostalCode": "01906"}

我迟到了，但这里有一个 Excel VBA 脚本，我几年前为澳大利亚写的。它可以很容易地修改以支持其他国家。我在这里创建了一个 C # 代码的 GitHub 存储库。我已经在我的网站上托管它，你可以在这里下载: http://jeremythompson.net/Rocks/ParseAddress.xlsm

策略

对于任何拥有数字邮政编码或可以与正则表达式匹配的国家，我的策略都非常有效:

1. 首先我们检测被假定为顶行的 First 和 Surname。通过取消勾选复选框(如下所示称为“ Name is top row”) ，可以很容易地跳过名称并从地址开始。

2. 接下来，它的安全期望地址组成的街道和数字前面的郊区和圣，Pde，Ave，Av，Rd，Cres，循环等是一个分隔符。

3. 检测郊区 VS 州甚至乡村可以欺骗最复杂的解析器，因为可能存在冲突。为了克服这个问题，我使用了一个邮政编码查找，基于这样一个事实，即剥离街道和公寓/单位号码以及 PoBox、 Ph、 传真、 Mobile 等，只有邮政编码号码将保留。这很容易与 regEx 匹配，然后查找郊区和国家。

   您的国家邮局服务将提供一个邮政编码与郊区和国家免费列表，您可以存储在一个 Excel 表，数据库表，文本/json/xml 文件等。

4. 最后，由于一些邮政编码有多个郊区，我们检查哪个郊区出现在地址。

例子

VBA 代码

免责声明，我知道这个代码并不完美，甚至写得很好，但它很容易转换成任何编程语言，并在任何类型的应用程序运行。策略是根据您的国家和规则的答案，以下面的代码为例:

Option Explicit


Private Const TopRow As Integer = 0


Public Sub ParseAddress()
Dim strArr() As String
Dim sigRow() As String
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim k As Integer
Dim Stat As String
Dim SpaceInName As Integer
Dim Temp As String
Dim PhExt As String


On Error Resume Next


Temp = ActiveSheet.Range("Address")


'Split info into array
strArr = Split(Temp, vbLf)


'Trim the array
For i = 0 To UBound(strArr)
strArr(i) = VBA.Trim(strArr(i))
Next i


'Remove empty items/rows
ReDim sigRow(LBound(strArr) To UBound(strArr))
For i = LBound(strArr) To UBound(strArr)
If Trim(strArr(i)) <> "" Then
sigRow(j) = strArr(i)
j = j + 1
End If
Next i
ReDim Preserve sigRow(LBound(strArr) To j)


'Find the name (MUST BE ON THE FIRST ROW UNLESS CHECKBOX UNTICKED)
i = TopRow
If ActiveSheet.Shapes("chkFirst").ControlFormat.Value = 1 Then


SpaceInName = InStr(1, sigRow(i), " ", vbTextCompare) - 1


If ActiveSheet.Shapes("chkConfirm").ControlFormat.Value = 0 Then
ActiveSheet.Range("FirstName") = VBA.Left(sigRow(i), SpaceInName)
Else
If MsgBox("First Name: " & VBA.Mid$(sigRow(i), 1, SpaceInName), vbQuestion + vbYesNo, "Confirm Details") = vbYes Then ActiveSheet.Range("FirstName") = VBA.Left(sigRow(i), SpaceInName)
End If


If ActiveSheet.Shapes("chkConfirm").ControlFormat.Value = 0 Then
ActiveSheet.Range("Surname") = VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), SpaceInName + 2)
Else
If MsgBox("Surame: " & VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), SpaceInName + 2), vbQuestion + vbYesNo, "Confirm Details") = vbYes Then ActiveSheet.Range("Surname") = VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), SpaceInName + 2)
End If
sigRow(i) = ""
End If


'Find the Street by looking for a "St, Pde, Ave, Av, Rd, Cres, loop, etc"
For i = 1 To UBound(sigRow)
If Len(sigRow(i)) > 0 Then
For j = 0 To 8
If InStr(1, VBA.UCase(sigRow(i)), Street(j), vbTextCompare) > 0 Then
    

'Find the position of the street in order to get the suburb
SpaceInName = InStr(1, VBA.UCase(sigRow(i)), Street(j), vbTextCompare) + Len(Street(j)) - 1
    

'If its a po box then add 5 chars
If VBA.Right(Street(j), 3) = "BOX" Then SpaceInName = SpaceInName + 5
    

If ActiveSheet.Shapes("chkConfirm").ControlFormat.Value = 0 Then
ActiveSheet.Range("Street") = VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), 1, SpaceInName)
Else
If MsgBox("Street Address: " & VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), 1, SpaceInName), vbQuestion + vbYesNo, "Confirm Details") = vbYes Then ActiveSheet.Range("Street") = VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), 1, SpaceInName)
End If
'Trim the Street, Number leaving the Suburb if its exists on the same line
sigRow(i) = VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), SpaceInName) + 2
sigRow(i) = Replace(sigRow(i), VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), 1, SpaceInName), "")
    

GoTo PastAddress:
End If
Next j
End If
Next i
PastAddress:


'Mobile
For i = 1 To UBound(sigRow)
If Len(sigRow(i)) > 0 Then
For j = 0 To 3
Temp = Mb(j)
If VBA.Left(VBA.UCase(sigRow(i)), Len(Temp)) = Temp Then
If ActiveSheet.Shapes("chkConfirm").ControlFormat.Value = 0 Then
ActiveSheet.Range("Mobile") = VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), Len(Temp) + 2)
Else
If MsgBox("Mobile: " & VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), Len(Temp) + 2), vbQuestion + vbYesNo, "Confirm Details") = vbYes Then ActiveSheet.Range("Mobile") = VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), Len(Temp) + 2)
End If
sigRow(i) = ""
GoTo PastMobile:
End If
Next j
End If
Next i
PastMobile:


'Phone
For i = 1 To UBound(sigRow)
If Len(sigRow(i)) > 0 Then
For j = 0 To 1
Temp = Ph(j)
If VBA.Left(VBA.UCase(sigRow(i)), Len(Temp)) = Temp Then
            

'TODO: Detect the intl or national extension here.. or if we can from the postcode.
If ActiveSheet.Shapes("chkConfirm").ControlFormat.Value = 0 Then
ActiveSheet.Range("Phone") = VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), Len(Temp) + 3)
Else
If MsgBox("Phone: " & VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), Len(Temp) + 3), vbQuestion + vbYesNo, "Confirm Details") = vbYes Then ActiveSheet.Range("Phone") = VBA.Mid(sigRow(i), Len(Temp) + 3)
End If
        

sigRow(i) = ""
GoTo PastPhone:
End If
Next j
End If
Next i
PastPhone:




'Email
For i = 1 To UBound(sigRow)
If Len(sigRow(i)) > 0 Then
'replace with regEx search
If InStr(1, sigRow(i), "@", vbTextCompare) And InStr(1, VBA.UCase(sigRow(i)), ".CO", vbTextCompare) Then
Dim email As String
email = sigRow(i)
email = Replace(VBA.UCase(email), "EMAIL:", "")
email = Replace(VBA.UCase(email), "E-MAIL:", "")
email = Replace(VBA.UCase(email), "E:", "")
email = Replace(VBA.UCase(Trim(email)), "E ", "")
email = VBA.LCase(email)
        

If ActiveSheet.Shapes("chkConfirm").ControlFormat.Value = 0 Then
ActiveSheet.Range("Email") = email
Else
If MsgBox("Email: " & email, vbQuestion + vbYesNo, "Confirm Details") = vbYes Then ActiveSheet.Range("Email") = email
End If
sigRow(i) = ""
Exit For
End If
End If
Next i


'Now the only remaining items will be the postcode, suburb, country
'there shouldn't be any numbers (eg. from PoBox,Ph,Fax,Mobile) except for the Post Code


'Join the string and filter out the Post Code
Temp = Join(sigRow, vbCrLf)
Temp = Trim(Temp)


For i = 1 To Len(Temp)


Dim postCode As String
postCode = VBA.Mid(Temp, i, 4)
    

'In Australia PostCodes are 4 digits
If VBA.Mid(Temp, i, 1) <> " " And IsNumeric(postCode) Then


If ActiveSheet.Shapes("chkConfirm").ControlFormat.Value = 0 Then
ActiveSheet.Range("PostCode") = postCode
Else
If MsgBox("Post Code: " & postCode, vbQuestion + vbYesNo, "Confirm Details") = vbYes Then ActiveSheet.Range("PostCode") = postCode
End If


'Lookup the Suburb and State based on the PostCode, the PostCode sheet has the lookup
Dim mySuburbArray As Range
Set mySuburbArray = Sheets("PostCodes").Range("A2:B16670")
    

Dim suburbs As String
For j = 1 To mySuburbArray.Columns(1).Cells.Count
If mySuburbArray.Cells(j, 1) = postCode Then
'Check if the suburb is listed in the address
If InStr(1, UCase(Temp), mySuburbArray.Cells(j, 2), vbTextCompare) > 0 Then


'Set the Suburb and State
ActiveSheet.Range("Suburb") = mySuburbArray.Cells(j, 2)
Stat = mySuburbArray.Cells(j, 3)
ActiveSheet.Range("State") = Stat
                

'Knowing the State - for Australia we can get the telephone Ext
PhExt = PhExtension(VBA.UCase(Stat))
ActiveSheet.Range("PhExt") = PhExt
        

'remove the phone extension from the number
Dim prePhone As String
prePhone = ActiveSheet.Range("Phone")
prePhone = Replace(prePhone, PhExt & " ", "")
prePhone = Replace(prePhone, "(" & PhExt & ") ", "")
prePhone = Replace(prePhone, "(" & PhExt & ")", "")
ActiveSheet.Range("Phone") = prePhone
Exit For
End If
End If
Next j
Exit For
End If
Next i


End Sub


  

Private Function PhExtension(ByVal State As String) As String
Select Case State
Case Is = "NSW"
PhExtension = "02"
Case Is = "QLD"
PhExtension = "07"
Case Is = "VIC"
PhExtension = "03"
Case Is = "NT"
PhExtension = "04"
Case Is = "WA"
PhExtension = "05"
Case Is = "SA"
PhExtension = "07"
Case Is = "TAS"
PhExtension = "06"
End Select
End Function


Private Function Ph(ByVal Num As Integer) As String
Select Case Num
Case Is = 0
Ph = "PH"
Case Is = 1
Ph = "PHONE"
'Case Is = 2
'Ph = "P"
End Select
End Function


Private Function Mb(ByVal Num As Integer) As String
Select Case Num
Case Is = 0
Mb = "MB"
Case Is = 1
Mb = "MOB"
Case Is = 2
Mb = "CELL"
Case Is = 3
Mb = "MOBILE"
'Case Is = 4
'Mb = "M"
End Select
End Function


Private Function Fax(ByVal Num As Integer) As String
Select Case Num
Case Is = 0
Fax = "FAX"
Case Is = 1
Fax = "FACSIMILE"
'Case Is = 2
'Fax = "F"
End Select
End Function


Private Function State(ByVal Num As Integer) As String
Select Case Num
Case Is = 0
State = "NSW"
Case Is = 1
State = "QLD"
Case Is = 2
State = "VIC"
Case Is = 3
State = "NT"
Case Is = 4
State = "WA"
Case Is = 5
State = "SA"
Case Is = 6
State = "TAS"
End Select
End Function


Private Function Street(ByVal Num As Integer) As String
Select Case Num
Case Is = 0
Street = " ST"
Case Is = 1
Street = " RD"
Case Is = 2
Street = " AVE"
Case Is = 3
Street = " AV"
Case Is = 4
Street = " CRES"
Case Is = 5
Street = " LOOP"
Case Is = 6
Street = "PO BOX"
Case Is = 7
Street = " STREET"
Case Is = 8
Street = " ROAD"
Case Is = 9
Street = " AVENUE"
Case Is = 10
Street = " CRESENT"
Case Is = 11
Street = " PARADE"
Case Is = 12
Street = " PDE"
Case Is = 13
Street = " LANE"
Case Is = 14
Street = " COURT"
Case Is = 15
Street = " BLVD"
Case Is = 16
Street = "P.O. BOX"
Case Is = 17
Street = "P.O BOX"
Case Is = 18
Street = "PO BOX"
Case Is = 19
Street = "POBOX"
End Select
End Function