使用 golang 生成字符串的 SHA 散列

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最佳答案

An example :

import (
"crypto/sha1"
"encoding/base64"
)


func (ms *MapServer) storee(bv []byte) {
hasher := sha1.New()
hasher.Write(bv)
sha := base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(hasher.Sum(nil))
...
}

In this example I make a sha from a byte array. You can get the byte array using

bv := []byte(myPassword)

Of course you don't need to encode it in base64 if you don't have to : you may use the raw byte array returned by the Sum function.

There seems to be some little confusion in comments below. So let's clarify for next users the best practices on conversions to strings:

you never store a SHA as a string in a database, but as raw bytes
when you want to display a SHA to a user, a common way is Hexadecimal
when you want a string representation because it must fit in an URL or in a filename, the usual solution is Base64, which is more compact

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The package documentation at http://golang.org/pkg/crypto/sha1/ does have an example that demonstrates this. It's stated as an example of the New function, but it's the only example on the page and it has a link right near the top of the page so it is worth looking at. The complete example is,

Code:

h := sha1.New()
io.WriteString(h, "His money is twice tainted: 'taint yours and 'taint mine.")
fmt.Printf("% x", h.Sum(nil))

Output:

59 7f 6a 54 00 10 f9 4c 15 d7 18 06 a9 9a 2c 87 10 e7 47 bd

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Here's some good examples:

The second example targets sha256, to do sha1 hexadecimal you'd do:

// Calculate the hexadecimal HMAC SHA1 of requestDate using sKey
key := []byte(c.SKey)
h := hmac.New(sha1.New, key)
h.Write([]byte(requestDate))
hmacString := hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))

(from https://github.com/soniah/dnsmadeeasy)

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Go By Example has a page on sha1 hashing.

package main


import (
"fmt"
"crypto/sha1"
"encoding/hex"
)


func main() {


s := "sha1 this string"
h := sha1.New()
h.Write([]byte(s))
sha1_hash := hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))


fmt.Println(s, sha1_hash)
}

You can run this example on play.golang.org

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You can actually do this in a much more concise and idiomatic manner:

// Assuming 'r' is set to some inbound net/http request
form_value := []byte(r.PostFormValue("login_password"))
sha1_hash := fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha1.Sum(form_value))


// Then output optionally, to test
fmt.Println(sha1_hash)

In this trivial example of a http.Request POST containing a login_password field, it is worth noting that fmt.Sprintf() called with %x converted the hash value to hex without having to include an import "encoding/hex" declaration.

( We used fmt.Sprintf() as opposed to fmt.Printf() as we were outputting a string to a variable assignment, not an io.Writer interface. )

Also of reference, is that the sha1.Sum() function verbosely instantiates in the same manner as the sha1.New() definition:

func New() hash.Hash {
d := new(digest)
d.Reset()
return d
}


func Sum(data []byte) [Size]byte {
var d digest
d.Reset()
d.Write(data)
return d.checkSum()
}

This holds true ( at least at the time of posting ) for the Sha library variants in Golang's standard crypto set, such as Sha512.

Lastly, if one wanted to, they could follow Golang's [to]String() implementation with something like func (h hash.Hash) String() string {...} to encapsulate the process.

That is most likely beyond the desired scope of the original question.

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Here is a function you could use to generate a SHA1 hash:

// SHA1 hashes using sha1 algorithm
func SHA1(text string) string {
algorithm := sha1.New()
algorithm.Write([]byte(text))
return hex.EncodeToString(algorithm.Sum(nil))
}

I put together a group of those utility hash functions here: https://github.com/shomali11/util

You will find FNV32, FNV32a, FNV64, FNV65a, MD5, SHA1, SHA256 and SHA512

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// Get sha1 from string
func Hashstr(Txt string) string {
h := sha1.New()
h.Write([]byte(Txt))
bs  := h.Sum(nil)
sh:= string(fmt.Sprintf("%x\n", bs))
return sh
}

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h := sha1.New()
h.Write(content)
sha := h.Sum(nil)  // "sha" is uint8 type, encoded in base16


shaStr := hex.EncodeToString(sha)  // String representation


fmt.Printf("%x\n", sha)
fmt.Println(shaStr)